India’s main opposition party intensified criticism on Wednesday over a government directive requiring smartphone makers to preload a state-run app, warning that the move poses a serious threat to user privacy and demanding that officials explain the legal grounds for the mandate.
The controversy began after a Reuters report revealed that the government had privately instructed major manufacturers — including Apple, Samsung and Xiaomi — to install the Sanchar Saathi app on all new devices within 90 days. The app, which translates to “Communication Partner,” is promoted as a tool to track stolen phones, block lost devices and prevent their misuse.
Privacy advocates and political opponents of Prime Minister Narendra Modi have raised alarms throughout the week, describing the compulsory installation as a covert surveillance measure. Critics argue that making the app non-removable creates sweeping access to personal data with little oversight.
On Wednesday, the Congress party called for a discussion in the upper house of parliament on the “privacy and security risks” posed by the directive. Senior Congress leader Randeep Singh Surjewala submitted a notice urging the government to address mounting concerns.
“The Government must clarify the legal authority for mandating a non-removable app,” Surjewala said. He warned that users could be exposed to unprecedented monitoring. “The grave, serious and real apprehension is also that such compulsorily installed app can have a backdoor, thereby absolutely compromising the data and privacy of the user.”
The telecom ministry has rejected accusations of surveillance, characterising the requirement as part of a broader effort to address rising cybercrime threats. Officials said the app’s purpose is to safeguard citizens by helping law enforcement locate stolen devices and disable phones used in fraud or other illicit activities.
Despite the government’s defence, industry unease is growing. On Tuesday, Reuters reported that Apple does not plan to comply with the mandate and intends to raise its concerns directly with the Indian authorities. The company has long maintained strict control over preinstalled software on its devices and has historically resisted government attempts to make apps non-removable.
Technology experts say the dispute highlights deeper questions about digital governance and consent in a country where smartphone use is widespread and regulatory frameworks are still evolving. They warn that mandatory preloading of government software — especially without transparency about data practices — could set a precedent with far-reaching implications.
The issue is expected to spark heated debate in parliament when the session resumes, with opposition parties signalling they will continue pressing the government to justify its actions and provide assurances that user data will not be compromised.
